Effects of urbanization on the structure of plant-flower visitor network at the local and landscape levels in the northern Argentinian Yungas forest

Human population and cities are growing fast, with a concomitant modification of the land surface. Urbanization is driving biodiversity loss biological homogenization, which impacts human wellbeing. In this study, we evaluated influence urbanization on flower visitor assemblage using an interaction network approach. We assessed effect different variables at local landscape scales community parameters metrics along gradient located in subtropical montane Yungas forest. found that affected richness visitors, increased greater coverage, high stability floral resources, proportion exotic plants. Moreover, diversity, nestedness (NODF), specialization (H 2 ) network. Landscape variables, such as altitude impervious surface (a proxy urbanization), both visitors specialization. The differed across altitudinal gradient, higher impact altitudes. conclusion, our results indicate affect structure plant-flower networks to extents strengths.